Different categories of evidence
Research can take multiple forms. Each of the forms of evidence has potential strengths and weaknesses. In theory these forms of research can be arranged into a hierarchy or ladder, with a pecking order of the evidence.
In order to understand the hierarchy we will first run through different forms or categories of evidence.
This podcast covers
- Expert opinion
- Case report
- Case series
- Case control
- Prospective Cohort Study
- Retrospective Cohort Study
- Controlled trials
- Randomised control trials
- Systematic Reviews
- Meta-analyses
Once you’ve listened help consolidate the topics covered with the questions below.
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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
Expert opinion must take into account a significant amount of evidence?
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Question 2 of 10
2. Question
Case reports can be useful in generating hypotheses?
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Question 3 of 10
3. Question
Case series are retrospective?
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Question 4 of 10
4. Question
In a case control subjects are matched with other subjects who have similar outcomes to assess for factors which may be associated with the outcome of interest?
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Question 5 of 10
5. Question
A prospective cohort looks at a group of people who all have the same outcome and tries to identify commonalities in their cases?
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Question 6 of 10
6. Question
A cohort study contains individuals with a commonality but also different characteristics?
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Question 7 of 10
7. Question
A retrospective cohort study is prone to inaccuracies in it’s data capture when compared to a prospective cohort?
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Question 8 of 10
8. Question
A controlled trial mitigates against allocation bias?
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Question 9 of 10
9. Question
A systematic review should appraise all of the relevant literature on the topic being addressed?
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Question 10 of 10
10. Question
The more heterogeneous the meta-analysed studies are the more valid the result?
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